Cumplimiento fiscal y bienestar: un análisis con perspectiva mundial

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Resumen

La recaudación fiscal supone la base para el desarrollo de los estados de bienestar en los países, tanto en su vertientes social, económica y medioambiental como de garante de su felicidad. El fortalecimiento de la moral tributaria y el cumplimiento fiscal de los ciudadanos no solo es importante para lograr alcanzar las metas asumidas por la política fiscal sino que también forman parte de los valores que pueden generar un mayor nivel de satisfacción personal.  El objetivo del presente trabajo es ofrecer una panorámica mundial sobre los cambios que se han producido en los ingresos fiscales y su relación con el mayor o menor grado de bienestar alcanzado por los ciudadanos.  Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se han utilizado las bases de datos de estadísticas tributarias ofrecidas por la OCDE y el índice global de desarrollo sostenible que ofrece New Economics Foundation. Los resultados muestran que los países con mayor recaudación tributaria sobre su PIB y con estructuras impositivas más sólidas cuentan también con altos niveles de bienestar.  Entre los países que alcanzan los mejores resultados se encuentran Holanda y Noruega, con elevados índices de felicidad y de cumplimiento fiscal.  No obstante, hay que destacar el importante papel desempeñado por el medio ambiente, que justifica los niveles de felicidad a los que llegan algunos países, en general de menor desarrollo económico. La evidencia obtenida tiene importantes implicaciones para el diseño y aplicación de políticas fiscales en el mundo.

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