Use of ICT and relationship with the Objectives of Sustainable Development in Ecuador
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In 2015, in the forum of the United Nations (UN), the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were approved to be completed until the year 2030. It is worth asking if Ecuador is committed to achieving these objectives, relying on the use of Information and communication technologies (ICT). As such, the objective of this research is to know the current status and perspectives of the Information Society (IS) in relation to the achievement of the goals of the SDGs, through the analysis of historical information and forecasts of IS indicators , and actions of research, development and innovation (R&D+i) in Ecuador. The research methodology has a quantitative, non-experimental and longitudinal approach. Secondary information sources were used as national and foreign reports that contain annual statistical indices, which converted into time series allowed to analyze forecasts and determine the future trend of those indicators. As results, it was found that the behavior of indicators of ICT use and R&D+i indicators are directly or indirectly related to the fulfillment of the goals of the fourth, fifth, eighth and ninth SDGs. It was concluded that, on the one hand, the trend of five SI indicators are in tune with the achievement of the SDG goals, while three other indicators require a strong impulse to change the trend and achieve its associated goal; and, on the other hand, the need for the different actors of Ecuadorian society to commit themselves to work based on the potential of the use of ICT and R&D+i activities in order to achieve the SDGs.
Article Details
Authorship: The list of authors signing must include only those people who have contributed intellectually to the development of the work. Collaboration in the collection of data is not, by itself, a sufficient criterion of authorship. "Retos" declines any responsibility for possible conflicts arising from the authorship of the works that are published.
Copyright: The Salesian Polytechnic University preserves the copyrights of the published articles, and favors and allows their reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Ecuador license. They may be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly displayed, provided that: i) the authorship and the original source of their publication (journal, editorial and work URL) are cited; (Ii) are not used for commercial purposes; Iii) mention the existence and specifications of this license.
References
ASAMBLEA NACIONAL DEL ECUADOR. 2016. Código orgánico de la economía social de los conocimientos, creatividad e innovación. Registro Oficial del Ecuador, 113. Recuperado a partir de http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/es/ec/ec075es.pdf
BALLER, S., DUTTA, S., & LANVIN, B. 2016. The Global Information Technology Report 2016. Innovating in the Digital Economy. Recuperado a partir de http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GITR2016/WEF_GITR_Full_Report.pdf
BILBAO-OSORIO, B., DUTTA, S., & LANVIN, B. 2013. The Global Information Technology Report 2013. Growth and Jobs in a Hyperconnected World. Recuperado a partir de http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GITR_Report_2013.pdf
BILBAO-OSORIO, B., DUTTA, S., & LANVIN, B. 2014. The Global Information Technology Report 2014. Rewards and Risks of Big Data. World Economic Forum. Recuperado a partir de http://reports.weforum.org/global-information-technology-report-2014/
CEPAL. 2016. Ciencia, tecnología e innovación en la economía digital. La situación de América Latina y el Caribe. Segunda Reunión de la Conferencia de Ciencia, Innovación y TIC de la CEPAL, 96. http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
CHAI, T., & DRAXLER, R. 2014. Root mean square error (RMSE) or mean absolute error (MAE)? -Arguments against avoiding RMSE in the literature. Geoscientific Model Development, 7(3), 1247-1250. http://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1247-2014
COUREY, E. 2018. Big data: “Sin igualdad de datos no puede haber igualdad de género”. Recuperado 23 de octubre de 2018, a partir de https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/10/22/planeta_futuro/1540204547_680495.html
DUTTA, S., & BILBAO-OSORIO, B. 2012. The Global Information Technology Report 2012 Living in a Hyperconnected World. World Economic Forum. Recuperado a partir de http://www3.weforum.org/docs/Global_IT_Report_2012.pdf
DUTTA, S., GEIGER, T., & LANVIN, B. 2015. The global information technology report: ICTs for Inclusive Growth. World Economic Forum. Recuperado a partir de http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_IT_Report_2015.pdf
DUTTA, S., LANVIN, B., & WUNSCH-VINCENT, S. 2018. Global Innovation Index 2018: Energizing the World with Innovation. Recuperado a partir de http://www.amazon.com/Global-Innovation-01-02-Express-Exec/dp/184112219X/ref=sr_1_40?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1375204263&sr=1-40&keywords=%22participative+design+%22
DUTTA, S., & MIA, I. 2009. The Global Information Technology Report 2008 – 2009. Mobility in a Networked World. World Economic Forum. Recuperado a partir de https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/document/2014-12/Global Information Technology Report 2008-2009 - Mobility in a Networked World.pdf
GESI. 2016. Enabling the Global Goals. Recuperado a partir de http://digitalaccessindex-sdg.gesi.org/
Guerrero, V. (2003). Análisis estadístico de series de tiempo económicas (2.a ed.). México D.F.: International Thomson Editores.
INEC. 2013. Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (TIC´S) 2013. Quito. Recuperado a partir de http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Estadisticas_Sociales/TIC/Resultados_principales_140515.Tic.pdf
INEC. 2017a. Plan de Desarrollo Estadístico para el reporte de los indicadores de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Tomo I (1.a ed.) (Vol. 1). Quito. Recuperado a partir de http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Bibliotecas/Libros/PLAN_DESARROLLO_ESTAD_para_el_reporte_TOMO_1.pdf
INEC. 2017b. Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. ENEMDU-TIC 2017. Quito. Recuperado a partir de http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Estadisticas_Sociales/TIC/2017/Tics 2017_270718.pdf
INEC. 2018. Plan de desarrollo estadístico para el reporte de los indicadores de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (1.a ed., Vol. 2). Quito. Recuperado a partir de http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Bibliotecas/Libros/Plan_Desarr_Estad_repot_indic_ODS-Tomo_II.pdf
ITU. 2018. ICTs for a Sustainable World #ICT4SDG. Recuperado 14 de octubre de 2018, a partir de https://www.itu.int/en/sustainable-world/Pages/default.aspx
LAKSHMIVARAHAN, S., LEWIS, J. M., & JABRZEMSKI, R. 2017. Forecast Error Correction using Dynamic Data Assimilation. (Springer, Ed.) (1.a ed.). Oklahoma. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39997-3
LIND, D., MARCHAL, W., & WATHEN, S. 2012. Estadística aplicada a los negocios y la economía. México: (McGraw-Hill, Ed.) (15.a ed.).
MINTEL. 2018a. Libro blanco de la Sociedad de la Información y del Conocimiento. Quito. Recuperado a partir de https://www.telecomunicaciones.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Libro-Blanco-de-la-Sociedad-del-Información-y-del-Conocimento.pdf
MINTEL. 2018b. Observatorio TIC. Recuperado 18 de octubre de 2018, a partir de https://observatoriotic.mintel.gob.ec/estadistica/
MIPRO. 2016. Politica Industrial del Ecuador 2016 - 2025 (Vol. 1). Quito. Recuperado a partir de http://www.industrias.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/politicaIndustrialweb-16-dic-16-baja.pdf
MORENO-NAVARRO, J., ALBUJA, J., ALONSO, J., IBUJÉS, J., CASAS, C., & URQUIZA, J. 2014. On the role of R & D in e-government in Ecuador. Proceedings of the 2 International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG), 21-28. http://doi.org/10.1109/ICEDEG.2014.6819939
O’NEIL, J. 2017. ‘People, Planet, Profits’ and Perception Politics: A Necessary Fourth (and Fifth) Bottom Line? Critiquing the Current Triple Bottom Line in the Australian Context. En The Goals of Sustainable Development (pp. 19-42). Callaghan: Springer. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5047-3_2
OECD. 2016. Development Co?operation Report 2016. The Sustainable Development Goals as Business Opportunities. Paris: OECD. http://doi.org/10.1787/dcr-2016-en
OÑA, X., IBUJÉS, J., & PANTOJA, O. 2016. Digital divide associated with adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Small and Medium Business (SMBs). En 9th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (pp. 4768-4774). Seville, Spain. http://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2016.2124
ORGANIZACIÓN DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS. 2012. Río+20. Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Desarrollo Sustentable. Río de Janeiro. Recuperado a partir de https://rio20.un.org/sites/rio20.un.org/files/a-conf.216-l-1_spanish.pdf.pdf
ORGANIZACIÓN DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS. 2015. Objetivos del Desarrollo del Milenio. New York. Recuperado a partir de http://www.un.org/es/millenniumgoals/pdf/2015/mdg-report-2015_spanish.pdf
ORGANIZACIÓN DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS. 2016. Agenda 2030 y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible: una oportunidad para América Latina y el Caribe. Recuperado a partir de https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/40155
PINTÉR, L., KOK, M., & ALMASSY, D. 2017. Measuring Progress in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. En N. Kanie & F. Biermann (Eds.), Governing through Goals: Sustainable Development Goals as Governance Innovation (1.a ed., pp. 99-132). Cambridge: MIT.
SALVIA, A., FILHO, W., BRANDLI, L., & GRIEBELER, J. 2019. Assessing research trends related to sustainable development Goals: Local and global issues. Journal of Cleaner Production, 208, 841-849. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.242
SENESCYT-INEC. 2015. Principales indicadores de actividades de ciencia, tecnología e innovación. Quito. Recuperado a partir de http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Estadisticas_Economicas/Ciencia_Tecnologia/Presentacion_de_principales_resultados_ACTI.pdf
SHCHERBAKOV, M., BREBELS, A., SHCHERBAKOVA, NATALIYA TYUKOV, A., JANOVSKY, T., KAMAEV, V., & BREBELS, A. 2013. A Survey of Forecast Error Measures. World Applied Sciences, 24(4), 171-176. http://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.24.itmies.80032
SOFTWARE-SHOP. 2017. Software Shop - Risk Simulator. Recuperado 18 de octubre de 2018, a partir de https://www.software-shop.com/producto/risk-simulator
TAWIL, S., SACHS-ISRAEL, M., LE THU, H., & ECK, M. 2016. Desglosar el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 4: Educación 2030. Recuperado a partir de http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002463/246300s.pdf%0Ahttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002463/246300S.pdf%0Ahttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002463/246300s.pdf
UNITED NATIONS. 2015. Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. General Assembley 70 session, 16301(October), 1-35. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
WEBSTER, A. 2001. Estadistica aplicada a los negocios y la economia. Bogotá: (McGRAW-HILL, Ed.) (3.a ed.).
WHETTEN, D. 1989. What Constitutes Theoretical Contribution?? The Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 490-495.
WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM. 2017. The Global Human Capital Report 2017 Preparing people for the future of work. Recuperado a partir de http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Human_Capital_Report_2017.pdf
ZIEMBA, E. 2017. The Contribution of ICT Adoption to the Sustainable Information Society. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 00(00), 1-11. http://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2017.1312635