Pronóstico del PIB eslovaco basado en los precios de los metales como herramienta para los responsables políticos

Contenido principal del artículo

Marek Vochozka
Robin Kunju Mol Raj
Veronika Šanderová
Libuse Turinska

Resumen

El artículo examina la evolución de los precios de determinados metales en el mercado global en el contexto del desarrollo del PIB de Eslovaquia como indicador macroeconómico e identifica cuáles de los metales analizados están más estrechamente vinculados a la economía eslovaca. Los datos de la investigación se obtuvieron del sitio web Investing y de Eurostat y se convirtieron en series temporales. Los precios de los metales se expresaron en dólares estadounidenses por tonelada, mientras que los valores del PIB se expresaron en millones de dólares estadounidenses. Los datos se procesaron mediante inteligencia artificial, concretamente redes neuronales recurrentes con una capa de memoria a largo plazo (MPM), que poseen un gran potencial para predecir este tipo de series temporales. El experimento incluyó modelos predictivos basados ​​en redes neuronales artificiales. Los metales también desempeñan un papel crucial en la economía eslovaca, y la investigación confirma que la evolución de los precios del cobre, el zinc y el aluminio está correlacionada con el desempeño económico de Eslovaquia. Por lo tanto, el PIB del país puede pronosticarse con gran precisión basándose en las fluctuaciones de los precios de estos metales. Los hallazgos pueden ser de utilidad tanto para los responsables políticos como para la alta dirección del sector manufacturero, donde los precios de los insumos pueden compararse con la evolución de la economía nacional.

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