Tecnologías emergentes para optimizar la sostenibilidad ambiental en la industria textil: una revisión sistemática

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Sebastián Cardona-Acevedo
Alejandro Valencia-Arias
Jackeline Valencia

Resumen

La industria textil se caracteriza por una elevada intensidad en el uso de recursos y un impacto ambiental significativo, asociado al alto consumo de agua y energía, la contaminación química y la generación de residuos. En este escenario, la innovación tecnológica ha adquirido un papel estratégico para disminuir la huella ambiental de los procesos productivos y, simultáneamente, fortalecer la competitividad organizacional. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar de manera sistemática las innovaciones tecnológicas aplicadas en la industria textil orientadas a la mitigación de impactos ambientales, con énfasis en los procesos productivos transformados, las métricas de desempeño ambiental, las barreras de adopción y las tendencias emergentes en sostenibilidad. La metodología se fundamenta en una revisión sistemática de la literatura desarrollada conforme a las directrices PRISMA 2020, complementada con una síntesis cuantitativa descriptiva de carácter bibliométrico basada en el análisis de frecuencias de variables codificadas. Los resultados evidencian que las plataformas digitales, las tecnologías limpias, los sistemas de reciclaje y los materiales avanzados constituyen las innovaciones más recurrentes, contribuyendo a una mayor eficiencia en el uso de recursos, la reducción de residuos y mejoras en el desempeño energético. Sin embargo, persisten barreras relevantes, como altos costos de implementación, restricciones regulatorias y limitaciones financieras en las cadenas de suministro.

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