Ontological foundation of the virtual world from the philosophy of Nicolaï Hartmann
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The following article presents a philosophical investigation into the ontological shaping of
the virtual world. It is a theoretical contribution to the contemporary debate in the philosophy of
computation on the ontological characterization of digital computing and its emerging products,
as it proposes an approach to this field of study from the philosophical perspective of Nicolaï
Hartmann. The main objective of this article is to explain the stratification of the virtual world based
on Hartmann’s ontological theory of strata and categories. To achieve this goal, a critical review of
the state of the art of the philosophical ontology of virtuality was carried out. Then we proceeded
to present a stratification and categorization proposal called ‘The virtual world factory’ which is a
hermeneutic ontology of digital virtuality based on Hartmann’s postulates. The main conclusions
reached are: i) The emergence of virtual world reality is constituted of the same strata that make
up the sphere of real-world knowledge: material, organic, psychic and social. ii) Virtual reality is a
product of computation that occurs in the sphere of knowledge in which there is intervention of the
ideal sphere and the sphere of the real world.
Article Details
Authorship: The list of authors signing must include only those people who have contributed intellectually to the development of the work. Collaboration in the collection of data is not, by itself, a sufficient criterion of authorship. "Sophia" declines any responsibility for possible conflicts arising from the authorship of the works that are published.
Copyright: The Salesian Polytechnic University preserves the copyrights of the published articles, and favors and allows their reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Ecuador license. They may be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly displayed, provided that: i) the authorship and the original source of their publication (journal, editorial and work URL) are cited; (Ii) are not used for commercial purposes; Iii) mention the existence and specifications of this license.
References
Barassi, V., & Treré, E. (2012). Does Web 3.0 come after Web 2.0? Deconstructing theoretical assumptions through practice. New media & society, 14(8), 1269-1285. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444812445878
Barfield, W., & Danas, E. (1996). Comments on the use of olfactory displays for virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 5(1), 109-121.
Bimber, O., & Raskar, R. (2005). Spatial augmented reality: Merging real and virtual worlds. AK Peters/CRC Press.
Cicovacki, P. (2001). New ways of ontology–The ways of interaction. Axiomathes, 12(3-4), 159-170. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015852024525
Cicovacki, P. (2014). The analysis of wonder: An introduction to the philosophy of Nicolai Hartmann. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Copeland, B. J. (2020). The church-turing thesis. En Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2020 edition). Recuperado de https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/church-turing/
Cubitt, S. (1998). Digital aesthetics. New York: Sage.
Cuéllar, H. (2013). La ontología anti-metafísica de Nicolai Hartmann. Tópicos, Revista de Filosofía, 1(1), 159–173.
De Landa, M. (1998). Meshworks, Hierarchies and Interfaces. The Virtual Dimension. J. Beckman. New Jersey: Princeton Architectural Press.
De Landa, Manuel. (2000). A thousand years of nonlinear history. New York: Swerve.
De Saussure, F., Bally, C., Sechehaye, A., Riedlinger, A., Alonso, A., & Sechehaye, A. (1980). Curso de lingüística general. Akal Madrid.
Demazeau, Y., Dignum, F., Rodríguez, J. M. C., & Bajo, J. (2010). Advances in Practical Applications of Agents and Multiagent Systems: 8th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multiagent Systems (PAAMS’10) (Vol. 70). New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
Dziadkowiec Jakub. (2011). The Layered Structure of the World in N. Hartmann’s Ontology and a Processual View. En Roberto Poli, Carlo & Scognamiglio, Frederic Tremblay. (Eds.), The Philosophy of Nicolai Hartmann (pp. 95-124). Berlín - Boston: De Gruyter.
England, P., Lampson, B., Manferdelli, J., Peinado, M., & Willman, B. (2003). A trusted open platform. IEEE Computer, 36(7), 55-62.
Espada, J. P., Martínez, O. S., Bustelo, B. C. P. G., & Lovelle, J. M. C. (2011). Virtual objects on the internet of things. IJIMAI, 1(4), 23–29.
Foster, I., Zhao, Y., Raicu, I., & Lu, S. (2008). Cloud computing and grid computing 360-degree compared. 1-10. Ieee.
Gadamer, H. G. (1991). La actualidad de lo bello: El arte como juego, símbolo y fiesta (Vol. 15; R. Argullol, Trad.). Barcelona [etc.]: Paidós.
Gadamer, H.-G. (1993). Verdad y Método I (Quinta Edición en español). Salamanca: Sigueme.
Guizzardi, Giancarlo, & Wagner, Gerd. (2010). Using the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) as a Foundation for General Conceptual Modeling Languages. En Theory and Applications of Ontology: Computer Applications. Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York: Springer.
Hartmann, N. (1986). Ontologia III, La fábrica del mundo real. México: Fondo de Cultura Economica.
Hartmann, N., & Peterson, K. R. (2012). How Is Critical Ontology Possible? Toward the Foundation of the General Theory of the Categories, Part One (1923). Axiomathes, 22(3), 315-354.
Henderson, K. (1999). On line and on paper: Visual representations, visual culture, and computer graphics in design engineering. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Klusch, M. (2012). Intelligent information agents: Agent-based information discovery and management on the Internet. Springer Science & Business Media.
Laurel, B., & Mountford, S. J. (1990). The art of human-computer interface design. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.
Lieberman, H., Paternò, F., Klann, M., & Wulf, V. (2006). End-user development: An emerging paradigm. En End user development (Vols. 1–Book, Section, pp. 1-8). Springer.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5386-X_1
McCarthy, J. (1965). LISP 1.5 programmer’s manual. MIT press.
Morris, C. (1985). Fundamento de la teoría de los signos (1971). (Journal Article).
Nagel, E., & Newman, J. R. (1970). El teorema de Gódel (1ra ed.). Madrid: Tecnos.
Negroponte, N., & Plaking, D. (1995). Ser digital. Editorial Atlántida.
Poli, R., Healy, M., & Kameas, A. (2010). Theory and applications of ontology: Computer applications. Springer. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8847-5
Poli, R., & Seibt, J. (2010). Theory and applications of ontology: Philosophical perspectives. Springer. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8845-1
Poli, Roberto, R., & Obrst, Leo. (2010). The Interplay Between Ontology as Categorial Analysis and Ontology as Technology. En Theory and Applications of Ontology: Computer Applications (Vol. 2). Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York: Springer. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8847-5_1
Richard, E., Tijou, A., Richard, P., & Ferrier, J.-L. (2006). Multi-modal virtual environments for education with haptic and olfactory feedback. Virtual Reality, 10(3-4), 207-225. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10055-006-0040-8
Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. Malaysia; Pearson Education Limited.
Sieg, W. (2008). Church without dogma: Axioms for computability. En New computational paradigms (pp. 139–152). Springer. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68546-5_7
Von Neumann, J. (1993). First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 15(4), 27–75. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/85.238389
Wong, B., Stoyanov, I., & Sirer, E. G. (2007). Octant: A Comprehensive Framework for the Geolocalization of Internet Hosts. 7, 23-23.
Woolley, B. (1994). El universo virtual. Acento Editorial.