Spanish youth facing disinformation and artificial intelligence: ideology, perception, and political participation

Abstract

In a context of growing political disaffection and institutional distrust among Spanish youth, there is
an observable increase in sympathy toward authoritarian positions, ideological radicalization, and rejection of parties perceived as adversaries. This situation is escalating with the proliferation of the internet and social media, as well as with the rise of disinformation and the use of artificial intelligence within the online environment. This research analyzes Generation Z’s perception of their own ideology, electoral participation and use of the internet and social media to stay informed about politics, as well as their views on disinformation and trust in artificial intelligence. The analysis is based on bivariate tables drawn from a nationwide telephone survey conducted among Spanish residents aged 18 and older.
Results indicate that most young people place themselves ideologically on the right (36.5 %), left
(27.7 %), or center (21.2 %). However, voting preferences within the right-leaning group are split evenly between the Partido Popular and Vox (50 % each). Over 70 % of young respondents rely on the internet and social networks to stay informed about politics. Furthermore, perceptions of disinformation sources appear to be ideologically driven: over 70 % on the left blame the far right, while 75 % on the right reject that claim. Finally, around 60 % believe AI will worsen institutional and media communication—except far-right supporters.