Educación emprendedora y bienestar en los emprendimientos nacientes universitarios

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Daniel Yiwady Ordoñez-Abril
Guillermina Tormo-Carbó
Gabriel García-Martínez
María Erika Narváez-Ferrín

Resumen

El desarrollo de la actividad emprendedora entre estudiantes es clave para reducir las tasas de desempleo y configurar el desarrollo regional. Este estudio explora el impacto del bienestar percibido por los estudiantes; el grado en que perciben que la universidad está orientada a la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS); y la educación como moderadora del emprendimiento naciente. Se adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo transversal, realizando un análisis de regresión binaria en una muestra de 3849 estudiantes universitarios, utilizando un cuestionario estructurado basado en el proyecto internacional GUESSS, adaptado para Latinoamérica. La variable dependiente fue emprendimiento incipiente (NES), medida como variable dicotómica. Las variables independientes correspondieron a percepciones de: (1) bienestar estudiantil (PWb) e (2) institucional de los ODS, mientras que (3) la educación emprendedora (EDU) se incorporó como moderadora. Los resultados muestran predominancia de mujeres (56.1 %), padres trabajadores independientes (52.4 %) y actividades de formación emprendedora del 22.8 %. Asimismo, se evidencia de manera contraintuitiva, que el bienestar percibido y la percepción institucional de los ODS tienen un efecto negativo y significativo sobre el emprendimiento naciente. Sin embargo, la educación emprendedora modera positivamente la relación entre bienestar y emprendimiento, atenuando dicho efecto e incrementando la probabilidad de acción emprendedora. Concluyéndose que la educación en emprendimiento naciente mejora la relación entre factores personales y contextuales, aumentando la probabilidad de los estudiantes en ser emprendedores emergentes.

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