Tensile/Compressive Response of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing
Main Article Content
Abstract
Additive manufacturing has evolved from a rapid prototyping technology to a technology with the ability to produce highly complex parts with superior mechanical properties than those obtained conventionally. The processing of metallic powders by means of a laser makes it possible to process any type of alloy and even metal matrix composites. The present work analyzes the tensile and compressive response of 316L stainless steel processed by laser-based powder bed fusion. The resulting microstructure was evaluated by optical microscopy. Regarding the mechanical properties, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, percentage of elongation before breakage, compressive strength and microhardness were determined. The results show that the microstructure is constituted by stacked micro molten pools, within which cellular sub-grains are formed due to the high thermal gradient and solidification rate. The compressive strength (1511.88 ± 9.22 MPa) is higher than the tensile strength (634.80 ± 11.62 MPa). This difference is mainly associated with strain hardening and the presence of residual stresses. The initial microhardness was 206.24 ± 11.96 HV; after the compression test, the hardness increased by 23%.
Keywords
manufactura aditiva, fusión selectiva láser, propiedades mecánicas, acero inoxidable, endurecimiento por deformación Additive manufacturing, Laser powder bed fusion, Mechanical properties, Stainless steel, Strain hardening
References
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[22] W. M. Tucho, V. H. Lysne, H. Austbo, A. Sjolyst-Kverneland, and V. Hansen, “Investigation of effects of process parameters on microstructure and hardness of SLM manufactured SS316L,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 740, pp. 910–925, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.098
[23] M. Tang, L. Zhang, and N. Zhang, “Microstructural evolution, mechanical and tribological properties of TiC/Ti6Al4V composites with unique microstructure prepared by SLM,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 814, p. 141187, 2021. [Online]. Available:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141187
[24] J. Fu, S. Qu, J. Ding, X. Song, and M. Fu, “Comparison of the microstructure, mechanical properties and distortion of stainless steel 316L fabricated by micro and conventional laser powder bed fusion,” Additive Manufacturing, vol. 44, p. 102067, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102067
[25] W. H. Kan, L. N. S. Chiu, C. V. S. Lim, Y. Zhu, Y. Tian, D. Jiang, and A. Huang, “A critical review on the effects of process-induced porosity on the mechanical properties of alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 57, no. 21, pp. 9818–9865, Jun 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-06990-7
[26] A. Rottger, K. Geenen, M. Windmann, F. Binner, and W. Theisen, “Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic steel processed by selective laser melting with hot-isostatic pressed and cast material,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 678, pp. 365–376, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.10.012
[27] T. Kurzynowski, K. Gruber, W. Stopyra, B. Kuznicka, and E. Chlebus, “Correlation between process parameters, microstructure and properties of 316L stainless steel processed by selective laser melting,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 718, pp. 64–73, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.01.103
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