A non-linear optimization model assessment for the economic dispatch of isolated microgrids
Main Article Content
Abstract
The present research work shows the optimal energy management of an isolated microgrid based on non-conventional renewable energy sources. For which an economic dispatch problem is proposed that seeks to supply the electrical demand at the lowest possible operating cost, based on a mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem. The nonlinearity of the algorithm is presented by including the characteristic equation of the real operation of the generating set in the optimization model. The input data to the economic office such as solar radiation and wind speed were obtained from the NASA platform located on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos province, Ecuador. In addition, the electricity demand data was obtained from real measurements of the sector. The economic dispatch problem has been determined for 12, 24 and 168 hours respectively, obtaining a proportional energy distribution for each case of 50.40% supplied by the photovoltaic generator, 23.92% by the diesel generator, 17.14% by the battery bank and 5.53% by the wind generator, so the demand was supplied in its entirety, meeting the objective that the generating set does not present intermittencies and obtaining the lowest operating cost of the system.
Keywords
despacho económico, problema de optimización no lineal entero mixto, energía renovable no convencional, microrred aislada Economic dispatch, mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem, non-conventional renewable energy, isolated microgrid
References
[1] J. D. Jiménez, S. M. Vives, E. G. Jiménez, and A. P. Mendoza, “Development of a methodology for planning and design of microgrids for rural electrification,” in 2017 CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON), 2017. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/CHILECON.2017.8229558
[2] X. Liu, X. Li, J. Tian, Y. Wang, G. Xiao, and P. Wang, “Day-ahead economic dispatch of renewable energy system considering wind and photovoltaic predicted output,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 2022, p. 6082642, Jun 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6082642
[3] H. Hou, Q. Wang, Z. Xiao, M. Xue, Y. Wu, X. Deng, and C. Xie, “Data-driven economic dispatch for islanded micro-grid considering uncertainty and demand response,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 136, p. 107623, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107623
[4] G. S. Thirunavukkarasu, M. Seyedmahmoudian, E. Jamei, B. Horan, S. Mekhilef, and A. Stojcevski, “Role of optimization techniques in microgrid energy management systems - A review,” Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 43, p. 100899, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2022.100899
[5] R. Palma-Behnke, C. Benavides, E. Aranda, J. Llanos, and D. Sáez, “Energy management system for a renewable based microgrid with a demand side management mechanism,” in 2011 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications In Smart Grid (CIASG), 2011. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/CIASG.2011.5953338
[6] H. Apolo, D. Arcentales, and K. Escobar Segovia, “Santa Cruz, Galapagos Electricity sector towards a zero fossil fuel island,” in 17th LACCEI International Multi- Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology, 01 2019. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/LACCEI2019.1.1.170
[7] B. Dey, B. Bhattacharyya, and F. P. G. Márquez, “A hybrid optimization-based approach to solve environment constrained economic dispatch problem on microgrid system,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 307, p. 127196, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127196
[8] A. B. Kunya, A. S. Abubakar, and S. S. Yusuf, “Review of economic dispatch in multiarea power system: State-of-the-art and future prospective,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 217, p. 109089, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.109089
[9] L. Tipán and O. Vargas, “Despacho económico de sistemas de energía en áreas múltiples usando programación de flujo de red,” Energía, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 42–57, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.37116/revistaenergia.v19.n2.2023.540
[10] E. M. García Torres, “Estimated cost of electricity with time horizon for micro grids based on the policy response of demand for real price of energy,” Enfoque UTE, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 41–55, Jan. 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoque.v11n1.579
[11] W. Gil-González, O. D. Montoya, L. F. Grisales-Noreña, F. Cruz-Peragón, and G. Alcalá, “Economic dispatch of renewable generators and BESS in DC microgrids using second-order cone optimization,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 7, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071703
[12] B. Xu, Y. Zhang, J. Liu, X. Miao, X. Zhang, Z. Zhu, and Z. Wang, “Economic dispatch of micro-grid based on sequential quadratic programming—model and formulation,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 136, p. 01010, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913601010
[13] H. Minor-Popocatl, O. Aguilar-Mejía, F. D. Santillán-Lemus, A. Valderrabano-González, and R.-I. Samper-Torres, “Economic dispatch in microgrids with alternative energy sources and batteries,” IEEE Latin America Transactions, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 124–132, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2023.10015134
[14] L. Zhu, H. Ren, M. Habibi, K. J. Mohammed, and M. A. Khadimallah, “Predicting the environmental economic dispatch problem for reducing waste nonrenewable materials via an innovative constraint multi-objective chimp optimization algorithm,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 365, p. 132697, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132697
[15] Y. Duan, Y. Zhao, and J. Hu, “An initialization-free distributed algorithm for dynamic economic dispatch problems in microgrid: Modeling, optimization and analysis,” Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 34, p. 101004, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2023.101004
[16] P. Arévalo, A. A. Eras-Almeida, A. Cano, F. Jurado, and M. A. Egido-Aguilera, “Planning of electrical energy for the Galapagos Islands using different renewable energy technologies,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 203, p. 107660, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107660
[17] F. D. Santillán-Lemus, H. Minor-Popocatl, O. Aguilar-Mejía, and R. Tapia-Olvera, “Optimal economic dispatch in microgrids with renewable energy sources,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 1, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010181
[18] S. Al-Sakkaf, M. Kassas, M. Khalid, and M. A. Abido, “An energy management system for residential autonomous dc microgrid using optimized fuzzy logic controller considering economic dispatch,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 8, 2019. [Online].
Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081457
[19] M. T. Guneser, A. Elbaz, and C. Seker, Hybrid Optimization Methods Application on Sizing and Solving the Economic Dispatch Problems of Hybrid Renewable Power Systems, ser. Applications of Nature-Inspired Computing in Renewable Energy Systems. Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global, 2022, pp. 136–165. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8561-0.ch008
[20] E. López-Garza, R. F. Domínguez-Cruz, F. Martell-Chávez, and I. Salgado-Tránsito, “Fuzzy logic and linear programming-based power grid-enhanced economical dispatch for sustainable and stable grid operation in eastern Mexico,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 11, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15114069
[21] H. Xu, Z. Meng, and Y. Wang, “Economic dispatching of microgrid considering renewable energy uncertainty and demand side response,” Energy Reports, vol. 6, pp. 196–204, 2020, 2020 The 7th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems Engineering. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.261
[22] L. Jian, Z. Qian, Z. Liangang, and Y. Mengkai, “Distributed economic dispatch method for power system based on consensus,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1424–1432, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.1085
[23] K. Chen, Z. Zhu, and J. Wang, “Economic dispatch for smart buildings with load demand of high volatility based on quasi-quadratic online adaptive dynamic programming,” Mathematics, vol. 10, no. 24, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/math10244701
[24] F. Xu, X. Zhang, X. Ma, X. Mao, Z. Lu, L. Wang, and L. Zhu, “Economic dispatch of microgrid based on load prediction of back propagation neural network-local mean decomposition-long short-term memory,” Electronics, vol. 11, no. 14, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142202
[25] J. L. Proaño, D. O. Villalba, D. Sáez, and D. O. Quero, “Economic dispatch for optimal management of isolated microgrids,” in 2016 IEEE 36th Central American and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN XXXVI), 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/CONCAPAN.2016.7942382
[26] C. Bai, Q. Li, W. Zhou, B. Li, and L. Zhang, “Fast distributed gradient descent method for economic dispatch of microgrids via upper bounds of second derivatives,” Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 1051–1060, 2022, 2022 The 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Green Energy. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.08.110
[27] F. Ordóñez and D. Vaca, Mapa solar del Ecuador. Escuela Politécnica Nacional, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3RArzjc
[28] NASA. (2023) Welcome to the power data access viewer. NASA prediction of worldwide Energy Resources. The Power Project. NASA prediction of worldwide Energy Resources. The Power Project. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/48nVUID
[29] RELION. (2023) Find the right LiFePO4 battery for your application. RELiON Batteries. RELiON Batteries. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3NZqaSz
[30] D. Jiménez, A. Jaya, D. Lagla, C. Chasi, R. Salazar, A, and P. Zurita, “An optimization model assessment for the economic dispatch of isolated microgrids,” in 2022 IEEE Sixth Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM), 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM56276.2022.9935730
[31] FICO. (2023) Applied intelligence – powering your customer connections. FICO. FICO.
[32] GlobalPetrolPrices. (2023) Precios de gasolina internacional. GlobalPetrolPrices. GlobalPetrol-Prices. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3Rps53m
[2] X. Liu, X. Li, J. Tian, Y. Wang, G. Xiao, and P. Wang, “Day-ahead economic dispatch of renewable energy system considering wind and photovoltaic predicted output,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 2022, p. 6082642, Jun 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6082642
[3] H. Hou, Q. Wang, Z. Xiao, M. Xue, Y. Wu, X. Deng, and C. Xie, “Data-driven economic dispatch for islanded micro-grid considering uncertainty and demand response,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 136, p. 107623, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107623
[4] G. S. Thirunavukkarasu, M. Seyedmahmoudian, E. Jamei, B. Horan, S. Mekhilef, and A. Stojcevski, “Role of optimization techniques in microgrid energy management systems - A review,” Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 43, p. 100899, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2022.100899
[5] R. Palma-Behnke, C. Benavides, E. Aranda, J. Llanos, and D. Sáez, “Energy management system for a renewable based microgrid with a demand side management mechanism,” in 2011 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence Applications In Smart Grid (CIASG), 2011. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/CIASG.2011.5953338
[6] H. Apolo, D. Arcentales, and K. Escobar Segovia, “Santa Cruz, Galapagos Electricity sector towards a zero fossil fuel island,” in 17th LACCEI International Multi- Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology, 01 2019. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/LACCEI2019.1.1.170
[7] B. Dey, B. Bhattacharyya, and F. P. G. Márquez, “A hybrid optimization-based approach to solve environment constrained economic dispatch problem on microgrid system,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 307, p. 127196, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127196
[8] A. B. Kunya, A. S. Abubakar, and S. S. Yusuf, “Review of economic dispatch in multiarea power system: State-of-the-art and future prospective,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 217, p. 109089, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.109089
[9] L. Tipán and O. Vargas, “Despacho económico de sistemas de energía en áreas múltiples usando programación de flujo de red,” Energía, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 42–57, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.37116/revistaenergia.v19.n2.2023.540
[10] E. M. García Torres, “Estimated cost of electricity with time horizon for micro grids based on the policy response of demand for real price of energy,” Enfoque UTE, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 41–55, Jan. 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoque.v11n1.579
[11] W. Gil-González, O. D. Montoya, L. F. Grisales-Noreña, F. Cruz-Peragón, and G. Alcalá, “Economic dispatch of renewable generators and BESS in DC microgrids using second-order cone optimization,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 7, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071703
[12] B. Xu, Y. Zhang, J. Liu, X. Miao, X. Zhang, Z. Zhu, and Z. Wang, “Economic dispatch of micro-grid based on sequential quadratic programming—model and formulation,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 136, p. 01010, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913601010
[13] H. Minor-Popocatl, O. Aguilar-Mejía, F. D. Santillán-Lemus, A. Valderrabano-González, and R.-I. Samper-Torres, “Economic dispatch in microgrids with alternative energy sources and batteries,” IEEE Latin America Transactions, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 124–132, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2023.10015134
[14] L. Zhu, H. Ren, M. Habibi, K. J. Mohammed, and M. A. Khadimallah, “Predicting the environmental economic dispatch problem for reducing waste nonrenewable materials via an innovative constraint multi-objective chimp optimization algorithm,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 365, p. 132697, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132697
[15] Y. Duan, Y. Zhao, and J. Hu, “An initialization-free distributed algorithm for dynamic economic dispatch problems in microgrid: Modeling, optimization and analysis,” Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 34, p. 101004, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2023.101004
[16] P. Arévalo, A. A. Eras-Almeida, A. Cano, F. Jurado, and M. A. Egido-Aguilera, “Planning of electrical energy for the Galapagos Islands using different renewable energy technologies,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 203, p. 107660, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107660
[17] F. D. Santillán-Lemus, H. Minor-Popocatl, O. Aguilar-Mejía, and R. Tapia-Olvera, “Optimal economic dispatch in microgrids with renewable energy sources,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 1, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010181
[18] S. Al-Sakkaf, M. Kassas, M. Khalid, and M. A. Abido, “An energy management system for residential autonomous dc microgrid using optimized fuzzy logic controller considering economic dispatch,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 8, 2019. [Online].
Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081457
[19] M. T. Guneser, A. Elbaz, and C. Seker, Hybrid Optimization Methods Application on Sizing and Solving the Economic Dispatch Problems of Hybrid Renewable Power Systems, ser. Applications of Nature-Inspired Computing in Renewable Energy Systems. Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global, 2022, pp. 136–165. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8561-0.ch008
[20] E. López-Garza, R. F. Domínguez-Cruz, F. Martell-Chávez, and I. Salgado-Tránsito, “Fuzzy logic and linear programming-based power grid-enhanced economical dispatch for sustainable and stable grid operation in eastern Mexico,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 11, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15114069
[21] H. Xu, Z. Meng, and Y. Wang, “Economic dispatching of microgrid considering renewable energy uncertainty and demand side response,” Energy Reports, vol. 6, pp. 196–204, 2020, 2020 The 7th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems Engineering. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.261
[22] L. Jian, Z. Qian, Z. Liangang, and Y. Mengkai, “Distributed economic dispatch method for power system based on consensus,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1424–1432, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.1085
[23] K. Chen, Z. Zhu, and J. Wang, “Economic dispatch for smart buildings with load demand of high volatility based on quasi-quadratic online adaptive dynamic programming,” Mathematics, vol. 10, no. 24, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/math10244701
[24] F. Xu, X. Zhang, X. Ma, X. Mao, Z. Lu, L. Wang, and L. Zhu, “Economic dispatch of microgrid based on load prediction of back propagation neural network-local mean decomposition-long short-term memory,” Electronics, vol. 11, no. 14, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142202
[25] J. L. Proaño, D. O. Villalba, D. Sáez, and D. O. Quero, “Economic dispatch for optimal management of isolated microgrids,” in 2016 IEEE 36th Central American and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN XXXVI), 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/CONCAPAN.2016.7942382
[26] C. Bai, Q. Li, W. Zhou, B. Li, and L. Zhang, “Fast distributed gradient descent method for economic dispatch of microgrids via upper bounds of second derivatives,” Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 1051–1060, 2022, 2022 The 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Green Energy. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.08.110
[27] F. Ordóñez and D. Vaca, Mapa solar del Ecuador. Escuela Politécnica Nacional, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3RArzjc
[28] NASA. (2023) Welcome to the power data access viewer. NASA prediction of worldwide Energy Resources. The Power Project. NASA prediction of worldwide Energy Resources. The Power Project. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/48nVUID
[29] RELION. (2023) Find the right LiFePO4 battery for your application. RELiON Batteries. RELiON Batteries. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3NZqaSz
[30] D. Jiménez, A. Jaya, D. Lagla, C. Chasi, R. Salazar, A, and P. Zurita, “An optimization model assessment for the economic dispatch of isolated microgrids,” in 2022 IEEE Sixth Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM), 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/ETCM56276.2022.9935730
[31] FICO. (2023) Applied intelligence – powering your customer connections. FICO. FICO.
[32] GlobalPetrolPrices. (2023) Precios de gasolina internacional. GlobalPetrolPrices. GlobalPetrol-Prices. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3Rps53m
Article Sidebar
Published
Jan 23, 2024
Article Details
Section
Electrical Engineering
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.