Influencia de la temperatura del habitáculo y la velocidad del compresor en el rendimiento del sistema de aire acondicionado automotriz

Contenido principal del artículo

Iván M. Ashqui-Cuvi
Klever S. Morales-Morales
Daniela C. Vásconez-Núñez
Fernando M. Tello-Oquendo
Fabián C. Gunsha-Maji

Resumen

Este artículo analiza la influencia de la velocidad del compresor y la temperatura del habitáculo en el rendimiento del sistema de aire acondicionado automotriz. Para ello, se construyó un banco experimental con un compresor acoplado a un motor eléctrico de velocidad variable, equipado con sensores de presión, temperatura y velocidad del aire, así como una caja térmica para regular la temperatura del aire de entrada al evaporador. Además, se implementó un modelo termodinámico para calcular los parámetros de funcionamiento del compresor y el desempeño del sistema. Los resultados muestran que, al incrementar la velocidad del compresor de 900 a 2800 rpm, el flujo másico de refrigerante y la capacidad frigorífica aumentan hasta en un 50.3 \% y un 22.4 \%, respectivamente, lo que mejora la capacidad de enfriamiento. Sin embargo, también se incrementa la potencia consumida de 0.287 a 0.878 kW, así como el consumo de combustible, que llega a duplicarse hasta 0.54 L/h cuando la temperatura del habitáculo es de 45 °C. Asimismo, se observa una disminución de la eficiencia isentrópica del 22.66 \%, de la eficiencia volumétrica del 44 \% y del coeficiente de desempeño (COP) de hasta 61.27 \%, junto con un incremento de la temperatura de descarga del compresor por encima de 80 °C a altas velocidades. Finalmente, se proponen correlaciones para el cálculo de las eficiencias del compresor y se estima el consumo de combustible considerando las eficiencias del tren motriz de un vehículo con motor de combustión interna a gasolina.

Detalles del artículo

Sección
Artículo Científico

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