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Characterization of DELUX: Ultraviolet light sterilization device for PFF2 / N95 masks against COVID-19
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Published:
Jan 1, 2022
Versions:
2022-01-01 (1)
Keywords:
COVID-19, equipo, esterilización, protección, radiación, ultravioleta
Main Article Content
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a public health pandemic state due to the transmission of the new coronavirus on March 11th, 2020. COVID-19, that is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has a very broad clinical spectrum, with predominantly respiratory symptoms developments. The role of the health professionals in fighting the pandemic requires the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). PFF2 / N95 masks are suitable PPEs for this purpose. Due to the high demand for PFF2 / N95 masks to fight the pandemic, there was a shortage of this PPE worldwide. This work aims to present a characterization of the device called DELUX, utilized for UVC (ultraviolet C light spectra) sterilization of PFF2 / N95 masks, and allowing to extend the time of safe use of this PPE in emergency conditions. The photometric validation of the device resulted in the verification of the emission spectrum of the lamps used in the device, and the measurement of the optical power, demonstrating the adequacy of irradiation with UVC light, with a 15-minute cycle, and safely. Biological validation showed that DELUX is capable of inactivating SARS-CoV-2 present on the surface of PFF2 / N95 masks, thus being efficient for their sterilization. The safety offered by the sterilization cycle allows to extend the safe use of those masks.
Article Details
Section
Special Issue: Use of Engineering Techniques to Fight COVID-19
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[10] J. Zhang, W. Wu, X. Zhao, and W. Zhang, “Recommended psychological crisis intervention response to the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China: a model of West China Hospital,” Precision Clinical Medicine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 3–8, 02 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa006
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[12] M. C. Grant, L. Geoghegan, M. Arbyn, Z. Mohammed, L. McGuinness, E. L. Clarke, and R. G. Wade, “The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 6, p. e0234765, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234765
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[14] Secretaria de Vigiláncia em Saúde. (2021) Recomendações de proteção aos trabalhadores do serviço de saúde no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. Ministério da Saúde, Brasil. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3pvZ3lX
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[16] ANVISA, Nota Técnica GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA N? 04/2020. Orientações para serviços de saúde: medidas de prevenção e controle que devem ser adotadas durante a assistencia aos casos suspeitos ou confirmados de infecção pelo novo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Agéncia Nacional de Vigiláncia Sanitária, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3z12T9X
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[20] S. Duncan, P. Bodurtha, and S. Naqvi, “The protective performance of reusable cloth face masks, disposable procedure masks, kn95 masks and n95 respirators: Filtration and total inward leakage,” PLoS One, vol. 16, no. 10, p. e0258191, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258191
[21] C. C. Ontiveros, D. C. Shoults, S. MacIsaac, K. D. Rauch, C. L. Sweeney, A. K. Stoddart, and G. A. Gagnon, “Specificity of UV-C LED disinfection efficacy for three N95 respirators,” Scientific Reports, no. 11, p. 15350, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94810-4
[22] D. B. Larremore, B. Wilder, E. Lester, S. Shehata, J. M. Burke, J. A. Hay, T. Milind, M. J. Mina, and R. Parker, “Test sensitivity is secondary to frequency and turnaround time for covid-19 surveillance,” medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, vol. 20, p. 20136309, Sep 2020. [Online]. Available: https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.22.20136309
[23] CDC. (2020) Research Use Only 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real-time RT-PCR Primers and Probes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3EBvJyF
[24] T. I. C. on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, “Guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between 180 nm and 400 nm (incoherent optical radiation),” Health Physics, vol. 87, no. 2, 2004. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-200408000-00006
[25] M. E. R. Darnell, K. Subbarao, S. M. Feinstone, and D. R. Taylor, “Inactivation of the coronavirus that induces severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS-CoV,” J Virol Methods, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 85–91, Oct. 2004. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.06.006
[26] K. Bedell, A. H. Buchaklian, and S. Perlman, “Efficacy of an automated multiple emitter whole-room ultraviolet-c disinfection system against coronaviruses mhv and mers-cov,” Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 598–599, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2015.348
[27] F. A. Alexandre, J. A. F. Faria, and C. F. Cardoso, “Avaliação da eficiéncia da radiação ultravioleta na esterilização de embalagens plásticas,” Ciéncia e Agrotecnologia, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1524–1530, 2008. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3mAbDie
[28] J. S. Smith, H. Hanseler, J. Welle, R. Rattray, M. Campbell, T. Brotherton, T. Moudgil, T. F. Pack, K. Wegmann, S. Jensen, J. Jin, C. B. Bifulco, S. A. Prahl, B. A. Fox, and N. L. Stucky, “Effect of various decontamination procedures on disposable n95 mask integrity and sars-cov-2 infectivity,” Journal of clinical and translational science, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. e10–e10, Jun 2020. [Online]. Available: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.494
[29] M. Biasin, A. Bianco, G. Pareschi, A. Cavalleri, C. Cavatorta, C. Fenizia, P. Galli, L. Lessio, M. Lualdi, E. Tombetti, A. Ambrosi, E. M. A. Redaelli, I. Saulle, D. Trabattoni, A. Zanutta, and M. Clerici, “Uv-c irradiation is highly effective in inactivating sars-cov-2 replication,” Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 6260, Mar 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85425-w
[30] CDC. Implementing Filtering Facepiece Respirator (FFR) Reuse, Including Reuse after Decontamination, When There Are Known Shortages of N95 Respirators. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Online]. Available: https://bit.ly/3sD9ypQ
[31] K. O’Hearn, S. Gertsman, M. Sampson, R. Webster, A. Tsampalieros, R. Ng, J. Gibson, A. T. Lobos, N. Acharya, A. Agarwal, S. Boggs, G. Chamberlain, E. Staykov, L. Sikora, and J. D. McNally, “Decontaminating n95 and sn95 masks with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation does not impair mask efficacy and safety,” vol. 106, no. 1, pp. 163–175. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.014
[32] L. Liao, W. Xiao, M. Zhao, X. Yu, H. Wang, Q. Wang, S. Chu, and Y. Cui, “Can n95 respirators be reused after disinfection? how many times?” ACS nano, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 6348–6356, May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c03597
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